Logistics Terms Logistics Warehouse (Logistics Center) Facilities and Equipment

A pallet is a support structure for efficient storage and transportation of cargo. There is a space for the forklift blade to enter, and it is a basic means of the unit load system, which is the basis of logistics standardization. It improves the loading efficiency of transport equipment and has compatibility with automatic facilities and equipment.

The types of pallets include wood, plastic, paper, steel, and sheet pallets.

- When the ceiling of a warehouse or factory is high by stacking shelves in multiple layers, a rack is installed at the bottom, and a floor is laid on top of the rack to install the rack again. If there is enough height, then 2 or 3 levels can be installed to increase the efficiency.

- The feature allows the use of upper space in the existing warehouse, and it can be replaced with an existing rack.

- A mobile rack is a rack that can be moved horizontally in a straight-line using rails. The types of mobile racks are electric, hydraulic, handle, etc. If there is no work, the storage efficiency can be improved by 2 to 3 times because the middle aisle for forklift picking is not required.

- Up to 5 rows can be connected horizontally, so the storage depth can be varied.

- This rack is suitable for storing lengthy cargo that is difficult to store due to their long length, such as pipes, in a form that stores items by attaching outstretched arms to a frame similar to a pallet rack.

- There are no pillars obstructing the view, so inventory inspection and management are easy.

- The rack acts as both the storage and the aisle for the forklift, so it is reasonable for storage and unloading of heavy objects. In addition, it is a storage system suitable for the storage method of goods that are stored in a first-in, first-out and first-in, last-out manner in a pallet unit for a large amount of cargo.

- It is a structure that supports the cargo in the form of an arm so that a forklift can enter. Aisles between the racks are not required, allowing large volumes of cargo to be stored.

The conveyor is a conveying device that connects from the workplace to the rack when the stored goods are received or released. It is mainly used for transporting parts inside factories, transporting semi-completed products, transporting coal and oar in mines and ports, and transporting soil and sand from construction sites. It is also used as a moving workbench in combination with a worker.

Conveyors have been established as the most basic transport and unloading equipment in the logistics industry. Since most are manufactured and installed, their types and forms are very diverse.

Conveyors include non-motorized conveyors, dock boards, belt conveyors, etc.

An elevator or a lift is a device that moves people or cargo vertically. The size and load of the freight elevator are determined depending on the structure of the building or the convenience of the user according to the purpose of transporting the cargo.

The types of freight elevators include hydraulic, rope-type, etc.

A palletizer is a system that loads boxes, sacks, etc. on pallets with high speed and accuracy using a robot.

The carton erecting machine takes several loaded boxes one by one, shapes, and tapes them before packaging. That is, the carton erecting machine serves to supply, shape, tape the bottom and discharge the box.

The automatic sorting machine combines the products transferred to each area in one line and checks the product information through the recognizer. It is one of the various automation systems that are indispensable in logistics centers that improve work efficiency, as a piece of equipment for detailed classification. It is used by postal centers and courier companies in Korea.

The automatic sorting machine should have the ability to classify itself by inferring new data from various experiences, not just memorizing data simply.

The correct name is forklift truck, which means a truck with a fork as the name suggests. Forklifts have an L-shaped special iron bar (fork) that loads in front of the vehicle body in structure, and a mast that raises the load to a certain height. That is, the fork lifts, so it is called a forklift.

When cargo is loaded on the fork, a force (overturning moment) to fall forward is applied with the front wheel as the center. At this time, the vehicle body must not fall forward, so weight must be attached to the rear of the car body to prevent it from falling forward.

A lift is equipment that is used to load the rolltainer, etc. into the vehicle by adjusting the height of the table. In general, table lifts are installed to match the height of the floor by pit work, and a freight elevator can also be manufactured using this.

Lifts include mobile table lifts, low-top table lifts, U-type table lifts, etc.

Drum lift is the equipment used to transport the drum or to put the contents in the drum into a mixer or blender. It is used for transportation and loading.

Rolltainer is also called a roll cage or roll box pallet. Wheels are attached to the pallet, allowing it to be transported, where there is no forklift or pallet truck.

The types of rolltainer include U-type, L-type, super, security, cold storage, and rolltainer container shelves.

AGV is a robot that moves based on data by recognizing RFID or tags attached to the driving lane. It moves on a path guided by magnetic tape attached to the floor or ceiling, a QR code, or a rail like a train track. Despite the difficulty of quickly changing the path due to its predetermined path, there is an advantage of high-speed movement from its dedicated path.

This is mainly used by companies that have large-scale logistics warehouses that can sufficiently install infrastructure such as magnetic tape or rails necessary for the movement of robots.

AMR is an autonomous mobile robot. Unlike AGV, AMR can move without setting a movement path for a robot in advance. This is because it can detect the surrounding environment by using data from the onboard camera, radar, and infrared sensor, avoiding obstacles and finding the destination by itself.

Compared to AGV, AMR is suitable for workshops or small warehouses, where the robot’s working path can change frequently. Also, AMR is more suitable for airports and department stores, where it is difficult to install various infrastructures such as magnetic tape because the space is too wide.

DPS is a system that notifies the area where the cargo to be shipped is stored, including the number of outgoing cargo, as a signal device called a light module is installed in the rack or storage area.

When it is linked to the barcode or when picking for the specified quantity is completed, the signal is turned off to notify the control center of the picking status.

This is suitable for small quantities and frequent picking of various kinds. It can reduce the delivery time and the case of mis-shipping due to incorrect picking.

DAS is a system that picks all the products to be shipped out in a certain location and directs the type and quantity of the product by the data system and puts the correct quantity when many products are put into a box for each delivery location.

The operation errors are reduced compared to manual operation, and the allocation speed and accuracy are improved.

A computer is installed in the picking cart so that the workers can pick the correct product and quantity according to the proper picking order by guiding the worker with the type of shipment, the number of products, and the storage location for each shipment destination (consignee).

This can be conducted without specifying a separate picking location, allowing flexible responses to changes in quantity.

This is an efficient picking method that can reduce time by checking products ordered through a cart with DPS, and preparing for inspection and shipment simultaneously.